Explanation:
An adversary or competitor potentially could gain unauthorized access to RFID-generated information and use it to harm the interests of the organization implementing the RFID system.
RFID is a powerful technology, in part, because it supports wireless remote access to information about assets and people that either previously did not exist or was difficult to create or dynamically maintain. While this wireless remote access is a significant benefit, it also creates a risk that unauthorized parties could also have similar access to that information if proper controls are not in place. This risk is distinct from the business process risk because it can be realized even when business processes are functioning as intended.
A competitor or adversary can gain information from the RFID system in a number of ways, including eavesdropping on RF links between readers and tags, performing independent queries on tags to obtain relevant data, and obtaining unauthorized access to a back-end database storing information about tagged items. Supply chain applications may be particularly vulnerable to this risk because a variety of external entities may have read access to the tags or related databases.
The risk of unauthorized access is realized when the entity engaging in the unauthorized behavior does something harmful with that information. In some cases, the information may trigger an immediate response. For example, someone might use a reader to determine whether a shipping container holds expensive electronic equipment, and then break into the container when it gets a positive reading. This scenario is an example of targeting. In other cases, data might also be aggregated over time to provide intelligence regarding an organization’s operations, business strategy, or proprietary methods.
For instance, an organization could monitor the number of tags entering a facility to provide a reasonable indication of its business growth or operating practices. In this case, if someone determined that a warehouse recently received a number of very large orders, then that might trigger an action in financial markets or prompt a competitor to change its prices or production schedule.
For your exam you should know the information below:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information.
Some tags are powered by and read at short ranges (a few meters) via magnetic fields (electromagnetic induction). Others use a local power source such as a battery, or else have no battery but collect energy from the interrogating EM field, and then act as a passive transponder to emit microwaves or UHF radio waves (i.e., electromagnetic radiation at high frequencies). Battery powered tags may operate at hundreds of meters. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of the reader, and may be embedded in the tracked object.
RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line. Pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses. Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive identification of the animal.
RFID RISKS
RFID technology enables an organization to significantly change its business processes to:
Increase its efficiency, which results in lower costs, Increase its effectiveness, which improves mission performance and makes the implementing organization more resilient and better able to assign accountability, and Respond to customer requirements to use
RFID technology to support supply chains and other applications.
The RFID technology itself is complex, combining a number of different computing and communications technologies to achieve the desired objectives. Unfortunately, both change and complexity generate risk.
For RFID implementations to be successful, organizations need to effectively manage that risk, which requires an understanding of its sources and its potential characteristics. This section reviews the major high-level business risks associated with RFID systems so that organizations planning or operating these systems can better identify, characterize, and manage the risk in their environments.
The risks are as follows:
Business Process Risk -Direct attacks on RFID system components potentially could undermine the business processes the RFID system was designed to enable.
Business Intelligence Risk- An adversary or competitor potentially could gain unauthorized access to RFID-generated information and use it to harm the interests of the organization implementing the RFID system.
Privacy Risk – Personal privacy rights or expectations may be compromised if an RFID system uses what is considered personally identifiable information for a purpose other than originally intended or understood. The personal possession of functioning tags also is a privacy risk because it could enable tracking of those holding tagged items.
Externality Risk -RFID technology potentially could represent a threat to non-RFID networked or collocated systems, assets, and people.
An important characteristic of RFID that impacts all of these risks is that RF communication is invisible to operators and users.
The following answers are incorrect:
Business Process Risk -Direct attacks on RFID system components potentially could undermine the business processes the RFID system was designed to enable.
Externality Risk -RFID technology potentially could represent a threat to non-RFID networked or collocated systems, assets, and people.
Privacy Risk – Personal privacy rights or expectations may be compromised if an RFID system uses what is considered personally identifiable information for a purpose other than originally intended or understood. The personal possession of functioning tags also is a privacy risk because it could enable tracking of those holding tagged items.
Reference:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 248