Explanation:
The process of applying a mathematical algorithm to the data that travel in the network and placing the results of this operation with the hash data is used for controlling data integrity, since any unauthorized modification to this data would result in a different hash. The application of a digital signature would accomplish the non-repudiation of the delivery of the message. The term security is a broad concept and not a specific one. In addition to a hash and a digital signature, confidentiality is applied when an encryption process exists.