Explanation: Penetration testing involves using the same strategies and toolsets that hackers would use against a system to discovery potential vulnerabilities. Although the term malicious captures much of the intent of penetration testing from the perspective of an attacker, it is not the best answer. Static and dynamic are two types of system testing–where static is done offline and with knowledge of the system, and dynamic is done on a live system without any previous knowledge is associated–but neither describes the type of testing being asked for in the question.