Explanation: In order to resolve the issue, you should use TLS (Transport Layer Security). Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides security and data integrity for communications over networks such as the Internet. TLS and SSL encrypt the segments of network connections at the Transport Layer end-to-end. Several versions of the protocols are in wide-spread use in applications like web browsing, electronic mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging, and voice-over-IP (VoIP). The TLS protocol, an application layer protocol, allows client/server applications to communicate across a network in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. TLS provides endpoint authentication and communications confidentiality over the Internet using cryptography. Answer: C is incorrect. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a method of securing data. It secures traffic by using encryption and digital signing. It enhances the security of data as if an IPSec packet is captured, its contents cannot be read. IPSec also provides sender verification that ensures the certainty of the datagram’s origin to the receiver. Answer: D is incorrect. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol is a protocol used in the Universal Resource Locater (URL) address line to connect to a secure site. If a site has been made secure by using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) then HTTPS, instead of HTTP protocol, should be used as a protocol type in the URL. Answer: A is incorrect. The SCP (secure copy) protocol is a network protocol that supports file transfers. The SCP protocol, which runs on port 22, is based on the BSD RCP protocol which is tunneled through the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol to provide encryption and authentication. SCP might not even be considered a protocol itself, but merely a combination of RCP and SSH. The RCP protocol performs the file transfer and the SSH protocol performs authentication and encryption. SCP protects the authenticity and confidentiality of the data in transit. It hinders the ability for packet sniffers to extract usable information from the data packets.

Explanation: Security controls are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, counteract, or minimize security risks. The following are the types of security controls for information systems, that can be employed by an organization: 1.System-specific controls: These types of security controls provide security capability for a particular information system only. 2.Common controls: These types of security controls provide security capability for multiple information systems. 3.Hybrid controls: These types of security controls have features of both system-specific and common controls. Answer: C is incorrect. It is an invalid control.

Explanation: In the programming and training phase of the SDLC, the software and other components of the system faithfully incorporate the design specifications, and proper documentation and training are provided. Answer: D is incorrect. During the initiation phase, the need for a system is expressed and the purpose of the system is documented. Answer: A is incorrect. During the design phase, systems requirements are incorporated into design. This phase specifies to include controls that support the auditing of the system. Answer: B is incorrect. During the evaluation and acceptance phase, the system and data are validated, all the control requirements and the user requirements are met by the system.

Explanation: Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, and trade secrets. A copyright is a form of intellectual property, which secures to its holder the exclusive right to produce copies of his or her works of original expression, such as a literary work, movie, musical work or sound recording, painting, photograph, computer program, or industrial design, for a defined, yet extendable, period of time. It does not cover ideas or facts. Copyright laws protect intellectual property from misuse by other individuals. A trademark is a distinctive sign used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities. A trademark is designated by the following symbols: : It is for an unregistered trade mark and it is used to promote or brand goods. : It is for an unregistered service mark and it is used to promote or brand services. : It is for a registered trademark. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. Answer: C is incorrect. It is not a type of intellectual property.

Explanation: Following are the different types of policies: Regulatory: This type of policy ensures that the organization is following standards set by specific industry regulations. This policy type is very detailed and specific to a type of industry. This is used in financial institutions, health care facilities, public utilities, and other government-regulated industries, e.g., TRAI. Advisory: This type of policy strongly advises employees regarding which types of behaviors and activities should and should not take place within the organization. It also outlines possible ramifications if employees do not comply with the established behaviors and activities. This policy type can be used, for example, to describe how to handle medical information, handle financial transactions, or process confidential information. Informative: This type of policy informs employees of certain topics. It is not an enforceable policy, but rather one to teach individuals about specific issues relevant to the company. It could explain how the company interacts with partners, the company’s goals and mission, and a general reporting structure in different situations. Answer: B is incorrect. No such type of policy exists.

Explanation: In an insertion attack, an IDS accepts a packet and assumes that the host computer will also accept it. But in reality, when a host system rejects the packet, the IDS accepts the attacking string that will exploit vulnerabilities in the IDS. Such attacks can badly infect IDS signatures and IDS signature analysis. Answer: B is incorrect. In this approach, an attacker sends packets in such a manner that one packet fragment overlaps data from a previous fragment. The information is organized in the packets in such a manner that when the victim’s computer reassembles the packets, an attack string is executed on the victim’s computer. Since the attacking string is in fragmented form, IDS is unable to detect it. Answer: C is incorrect. In this approach, an attacker sends packets in such a manner that one packet fragment overwrites data from a previous fragment. The information is organized into the packets in such a manner that when the victim’s computer reassembles the packets, an attack string is executed on the victim’s computer. Since the attacking string is in fragmented form, IDS becomes unable to detect it. Answer: A is incorrect. An evasion attack is one in which an IDS rejects a malicious packet but the host computer accepts it. Since an IDS has rejected it, it does not check the contents of the packet. Hence, using this technique, an attacker can exploit the host computer. In many cases, it is quite simple for an attacker to send such data packets that can easily perform evasion attacks on an IDSs.

Explanation: SABSA (Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture) is a framework and methodology for Enterprise Security Architecture and Service Management. SABSA is a model and a methodology for developing risk-driven enterprise information security architectures and for delivering security infrastructure solutions that support critical business initiatives. The primary characteristic of the SABSA model is that everything must be derived from an analysis of the business requirements for security, especially those in which security has an enabling function through which new business opportunities can be developed and exploited. Answer: B is incorrect. The service-oriented modeling framework (SOMF) is a service-oriented development life cycle methodology. It offers a number of modeling practices and disciplines that contribute to a successful service-oriented life cycle management and modeling. The service-oriented modeling framework illustrates the major elements that identify the “what to do” aspects of a service development scheme. Answer: A is incorrect. The service-oriented modeling and architecture (SOMA) includes an analysis and design method that extends traditional object-oriented and component-based analysis and design methods to include concerns relevant to and supporting SOA. Answer: D is incorrect. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a flexible set of design principles used during the phases of systems development and integration.

Explanation: Monitoring the computer hard disks or e-mails of employees pertains to the privacy policy of an organization. Answer: A is incorrect. The backup policy of a company is related to the backup of its data. Answer: D is incorrect. The network security policy is related to the security of a company’s network. Answer: B is incorrect. The user password policy is related to passwords that users provide to log on to the network.

Explanation: NIST has developed a suite of documents for conducting Certification & Accreditation (C&A). These documents are as follows: 1.NIST Special Publication 800-37: This document is a guide for the security certification and accreditation of Federal Information Systems. 2.NIST Special Publication 800-53: This document provides a guideline for security controls for Federal Information Systems. 3.NIST Special Publication 800-53A. This document consists of techniques and procedures for verifying the effectiveness of security controls in Federal Information System. 4.NIST Special Publication 800-59: This document provides a guideline for identifying an information system as a National Security System. 5.NIST Special Publication 800-60: This document is a guide for mapping types of information and information systems to security objectives and risk levels.

Explanation: Multi-factor authentication involves a combination of multiple methods of authentication. For example, an authentication method that uses smart cards as well as usernames and passwords can be referred to as multi-factor authentication. Answer: B is incorrect. Mutual authentication is a process in which a client process and server are required to prove their identities to each other before performing any application function. The client and server identities can be verified through a trusted third party and use shared secrets as in the case of Kerberos v5. The MS-CHAP v2 and EAP-TLS authentication methods support mutual authentication. Answer: A is incorrect. Anonymous authentication is an authentication method used for Internet communication. It provides limited access to specific public folders and directory information. It is supported by all clients and is used to access unsecured content in public folders. An administrator must create a user account in IIS to enable the user to connect anonymously. Answer: D is incorrect. Biometrics authentication uses physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, scars, retinal patterns, and other forms of biophysical qualities to identify a user.