A data scientist is developing a pipeline to ingest streaming web traffic data. The data scientist needs to implement a process to identify unusual web traffic patterns as part of the pipeline. The patterns will be used downstream for alerting and incident response. The data scientist has access to unlabeled historic data to use, if needed.
The solution needs to do the following:
– Calculate an anomaly score for each web traffic entry.
– Adapt unusual event identification to changing web patterns over time.
Which approach should the data scientist implement to meet these requirements?

A. Use historic web traffic data to train an anomaly detection model using the Amazon SageMaker Random Cut Forest (RCF) built-in model. Use an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream to process the incoming web traffic data. Attach a preprocessing AWS Lambda function to perform data enrichment by calling the RCF model to calculate the anomaly score for each record.
B. Use historic web traffic data to train an anomaly detection model using the Amazon SageMaker built-in XGBoost model. Use an Amazon Kinesis Data Stream to process the incoming web traffic data. Attach a preprocessing AWS Lambda function to perform data enrichment by calling the XGBoost model to calculate the anomaly score for each record.
C. Collect the streaming data using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Map the delivery stream as an input source for Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics. Write a SQL query to run in real time against the streaming data with the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) SQL extension to calculate anomaly scores for each record using a tumbling window.
D. Collect the streaming data using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Map the delivery stream as an input source for Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics. Write a SQL query to run in real time against the streaming data with the Amazon Random Cut Forest (RCF) SQL extension to calculate anomaly scores for each record using a sliding window.

A Machine Learning Specialist is assigned to a Fraud Detection team and must tune an XGBoost model, which is working appropriately for test data. However, with unknown data, it is not working as expected. The existing parameters are provided as follows.

Which parameter tuning guidelines should the Specialist follow to avoid overfitting?

A. Increase the max_depth parameter value.
B. Lower the max_depth parameter value.
C. Update the objective to binary:logistic.
D. Lower the min_child_weight parameter value.

A Data Scientist is building a linear regression model and will use resulting p-values to evaluate the statistical significance of each coefficient. Upon inspection of the dataset, the Data Scientist discovers that most of the features are normally distributed. The plot of one feature in the dataset is shown in the graphic.

What transformation should the Data Scientist apply to satisfy the statistical assumptions of the linear regression model?

A. Exponential transformation
B. Logarithmic transformation
C. Polynomial transformation
D. Sinusoidal transformation

A Machine Learning Specialist is deciding between building a naive Bayesian model or a full Bayesian network for a classification problem. The Specialist computes the Pearson correlation coefficients between each feature and finds that their absolute values range between 0.1 to 0.95.
Which model describes the underlying data in this situation?

A. A naive Bayesian model, since the features are all conditionally independent.
B. A full Bayesian network, since the features are all conditionally independent.
C. A naive Bayesian model, since some of the features are statistically dependent.
D. A full Bayesian network, since some of the features are statistically dependent.

A Machine Learning Specialist is working for an online retailer that wants to run analytics on every customer visit, processed through a machine learning pipeline. The data needs to be ingested by Amazon Kinesis Data Streams at up to 100 transactions per second, and the JSON data blob is 100 KB in size.
What is the MINIMUM number of shards in Kinesis Data Streams the Specialist should use to successfully ingest this data?

A. 1 shards
B. 10 shards
C. 100 shards
D. 1,000 shards

A media company with a very large archive of unlabeled images, text, audio, and video footage wishes to index its assets to allow rapid identification of relevant content by the Research team. The company wants to use machine learning to accelerate the efforts of its in-house researchers who have limited machine learning expertise.
Which is the FASTEST route to index the assets?

A. Use Amazon Rekognition, Amazon Comprehend, and Amazon Transcribe to tag data into distinct categories/classes.
B. Create a set of Amazon Mechanical Turk Human Intelligence Tasks to label all footage.
C. Use Amazon Transcribe to convert speech to text. Use the Amazon SageMaker Neural Topic Model (NTM) and Object Detection algorithms to tag data into distinct categories/classes.
D. Use the AWS Deep Learning AMI and Amazon EC2 GPU instances to create custom models for audio transcription and topic modeling, and use object detection to tag data into distinct categories/classes.

A Machine Learning Specialist prepared the following graph displaying the results of k-means for k = [1..10]:

Considering the graph, what is a reasonable selection for the optimal choice of k?

A. 1
B. 4
C. 7
D. 10

A technology startup is using complex deep neural networks and GPU compute to recommend the company's products to its existing customers based upon each customer's habits and interactions. The solution currently pulls each dataset from an Amazon S3 bucket before loading the data into a TensorFlow model pulled from the company's Git repository that runs locally. This job then runs for several hours while continually outputting its progress to the same S3 bucket. The job can be paused, restarted, and continued at any time in the event of a failure, and is run from a central queue.
Senior managers are concerned about the complexity of the solution's resource management and the costs involved in repeating the process regularly. They ask for the workload to be automated so it runs once a week, starting Monday and completing by the close of business Friday.
Which architecture should be used to scale the solution at the lowest cost?

A. Implement the solution using AWS Deep Learning Containers and run the container as a job using AWS Batch on a GPU-compatible Spot Instance
B. Implement the solution using a low-cost GPU-compatible Amazon EC2 instance and use the AWS Instance Scheduler to schedule the task
C. Implement the solution using AWS Deep Learning Containers, run the workload using AWS Fargate running on Spot Instances, and then schedule the task using the built-in task scheduler
D. Implement the solution using Amazon ECS running on Spot Instances and schedule the task using the ECS service scheduler

A Data Scientist is developing a binary classifier to predict whether a patient has a particular disease on a series of test results. The Data Scientist has data on 400 patients randomly selected from the population. The disease is seen in 3% of the population.
Which cross-validation strategy should the Data Scientist adopt?

A. A k-fold cross-validation strategy with k=5
B. A stratified k-fold cross-validation strategy with k=5
C. A k-fold cross-validation strategy with k=5 and 3 repeats
D. An 80/20 stratified split between training and validation

A company uses camera images of the tops of items displayed on store shelves to determine which items were removed and which ones still remain. After several hours of data labeling, the company has a total of 1,000 hand-labeled images covering 10 distinct items. The training results were poor.
Which machine learning approach fulfills the company's long-term needs?

A. Convert the images to grayscale and retrain the model
B. Reduce the number of distinct items from 10 to 2, build the model, and iterate
C. Attach different colored labels to each item, take the images again, and build the model
D. Augment training data for each item using image variants like inversions and translations, build the model, and iterate.