A company manages more than 200 separate internet-facing web applications. All of the applications are deployed to AWS in a single AWS Region. The fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) of all of the applications are made available through HTTPS using Application Load Balancers (ALBs). The ALBs are configured to use public SSL/TLS certificates.
A Solutions Architect needs to migrate the web applications to a multi-region architecture. All HTTPS services should continue to work without interruption.
Which approach meets these requirements?

A. Request a certificate for each FQDN using AWS KMS. Associate the certificates with the ALBs in the primary AWS Region. Enable cross-region availability in AWS KMS for the certificates and associate the certificates with the ALBs in the secondary AWS Region.
B. Generate the key pairs and certificate requests for each FQDN using AWS KMS. Associate the certificates with the ALBs in both the primary and secondary AWS Regions.
C. Request a certificate for each FQDN using AWS Certificate Manager. Associate the certificates with the ALBs in both the primary and secondary AWS Regions.
D. Request certificates for each FQDN in both the primary and secondary AWS Regions using AWS Certificate Manager. Associate the certificates with the corresponding ALBs in each AWS Region.

A company runs a dynamic mission-critical web application that has an SLA of 99.99%. Global application users access the application 24/7. The application is currently hosted on premises and routinely fails to meet its SLA, especially when millions of users access the application concurrently. Remote users complain of latency.
How should this application be redesigned to be scalable and allow for automatic failover at the lowest cost?

A. Use Amazon Route 53 failover routing with geolocation-based routing. Host the website on automatically scaled Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer with an additional Application Load Balancer and EC2 instances for the application layer in each region. Use a Multi-AZ deployment with MySQL as the data layer.
B. Use Amazon Route 53 round robin routing to distribute the load evenly to several regions with health checks. Host the website on automatically scaled Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate technology containers behind a Network Load Balancer, with an additional Network Load Balancer and Fargate containers for the application layer in each region. Use Amazon Aurora replicas for the data layer.
C. Use Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing to route to the nearest region with health checks. Host the website in Amazon S3 in each region and use Amazon API Gateway with AWS Lambda for the application layer. Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables as the data layer with Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) for caching.
D. Use Amazon Route 53 geolocation-based routing. Host the website on automatically scaled AWS Fargate containers behind a Network Load Balancer with an additional Network Load Balancer and Fargate containers for the application layer in each region. Use Amazon Aurora Multi-Master for Aurora MySQL as the data layer.

A company has created an account for individual Development teams, resulting in a total of 200 accounts. All accounts have a single virtual private cloud (VPC) in a single region with multiple microservices running in Docker containers that need to communicate with microservices in other accounts. The Security team requirements state that these microservices must not traverse the public internet, and only certain internal services should be allowed to call other individual services. If there is any denied network traffic for a service, the Security team must be notified of any denied requests, including the source IP.
How can connectivity be established between service while meeting the security requirements?

A. Create a VPC peering connection between the VPCs. Use security groups on the instances to allow traffic from the security group IDs that are permitted to call the microservice. Apply network ACLs and allow traffic from the local VPC and peered VPCs only. Within the task definition in Amazon ECS for each of the microservices, specify a log configuration by using the awslogs driver. Within Amazon CloudWatch Logs, create a metric filter and alarm off of the number of HTTP 403 responses. Create an alarm when the number of messages exceeds a threshold set by the Security team.
B. Ensure that no CIDR ranges are overlapping, and attach a virtual private gateway (VGW) to each VPC. Provision an IPsec tunnel between each VGW and enable route propagation on the route table. Configure security groups on each service to allow the CIDR ranges of the VPCs in the other accounts. Enable VPC Flow Logs, and use an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter for rejected traffic. Create an IAM role and allow the Security team to call the AssumeRole action for each account.
C. Deploy a transit VPC by using third-party marketplace VPN appliances running on Amazon EC2, dynamically routed VPN connections between the VPN appliance, and the virtual private gateways (VGWs) attached to each VPC within the region. Adjust network ACLs to allow traffic from the local VPC only. Apply security groups to the microservices to allow traffic from the VPN appliances only. Install the awslogsagent on each VPN appliance, and configure logs to forward to Amazon CloudWatch Logs in the security account for the Security team to access.
D. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) for each microservice. Attach the NLB to a PrivateLink endpoint service and whitelist the accounts that will be consuming this service. Create an interface endpoint in the consumer VPC and associate a security group that allows only the security group IDs of the services authorized to call the producer service. On the producer services, create security groups for each microservice and allow only the CIDR range of the allowed services. Create VPC Flow Logs on each VPC to capture rejected traffic that will be delivered to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs group. Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription that streams the log data to a security account.

A company’s data center is connected to the AWS Cloud over a minimally used 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection with a private virtual interface to its virtual private cloud (VPC). The company internet connection is 200 Mbps, and the company has a 150 TB dataset that is created each Friday. The data must be transferred and available in Amazon S3 on Monday morning.
Which is the LEAST expensive way to meet the requirements while allowing for data transfer growth?

A. Order two 80 TB AWS Snowball appliances. Offload the data to the appliances and ship them to AWS. AWS will copy the data from the Snowball appliances to Amazon S3.
B. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Copy the data to Amazon S3 by using the VPC endpoint, forcing the transfer to use the Direct Connect connection.
C. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. Set up a reverse proxy farm behind a Classic Load Balancer in the VPC. Copy the data to Amazon S3 using the proxy.
D. Create a public virtual interface on a Direct Connect connection, and copy the data to Amazon S3 over the connection.

A company is currently running a production workload on AWS that is very I/O intensive. Its workload consists of a single tier with 10 c4.8xlarge instances, each with 2 TB gp2 volumes. The number of processing jobs has recently increased, and latency has increased as well. The team realizes that they are constrained on the IOPS. For the application to perform efficiently, they need to increase the IOPS by 3,000 for each of the instances.
Which of the following designs will meet the performance goal MOST cost effectively?

A. Change the type of Amazon EBS volume from gp2 to io1 and set provisioned IOPS to 9,000.
B. Increase the size of the gp2 volumes in each instance to 3 TB.
C. Create a new Amazon EFS file system and move all the data to this new file system. Mount this file system to all 10 instances.
D. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket and move all the data to this new bucket. Allow each instance to access this S3 bucket and use it for storage.

A hybrid network architecture must be used during a company’s multi-year data center migration from multiple private data centers to AWS. The current data centers are linked together with private fiber. Due to unique legacy applications, NAT cannot be used. During the migration period, many applications will need access to other applications in both the data centers and AWS.
Which option offers a hybrid network architecture that is secure and highly available, that allows for high bandwidth and a multi-region deployment post-migration?

A. Use AWS Direct Connect to each data center from different ISPs, and configure routing to failover to the other data center’s Direct Connect if one fails. Ensure that no VPC CIDR blocks overlap one another or the on-premises network.
B. Use multiple hardware VPN connections to AWS from the on-premises data center. Route different subnet traffic through different VPN connections. Ensure that no VPC CIDR blocks overlap one another or the on-premises network.
C. Use a software VPN with clustering both in AWS and the on-premises data center, and route traffic through the cluster. Ensure that no VPC CIDR blocks overlap one another or the on-premises network.
D. Use AWS Direct Connect and a VPN as backup, and configure both to use the same virtual private gateway and BGP. Ensure that no VPC CIDR blocks overlap one another or the on-premises network.

A company has an application that runs a web service on Amazon EC2 instances and stores .jpg images in Amazon S3. The web traffic has a predictable baseline, but often demand spikes unpredictably for short periods of time. The application is loosely coupled and stateless. The .jpg images stored in Amazon S3 are accessed frequently for the first 15 to 20 days, they are seldom accessed thereafter but always need to be immediately available. The CIO has asked to find ways to reduce costs.
Which of the following options will reduce costs? (Choose two.)

A. Purchase Reserved instances for baseline capacity requirements and use On-Demand instances for the demand spikes.
B. Configure a lifecycle policy to move the .jpg images on Amazon S3 to S3 IA after 30 days.
C. Use On-Demand instances for baseline capacity requirements and use Spot Fleet instances for the demand spikes.
D. Configure a lifecycle policy to move the .jpg images on Amazon S3 to Amazon Glacier after 30 days.
E. Create a script that checks the load on all web servers and terminates unnecessary On-Demand instances.

A Solutions Architect is designing the storage layer for a recently purchased application. The application will be running on Amazon EC2 instances and has the following layers and requirements:

• Data layer: A POSIX file system shared across many systems.
• Service layer: Static file content that requires block storage with more than 100k IOPS.

Which combination of AWS services will meet these needs? (Choose two.)

A. Data layer – Amazon S3
B. Data layer – Amazon EC2 Ephemeral Storage
C. Data layer – Amazon EFS
D. Service layer – Amazon EBS volumes with Provisioned IOPS
E. Service layer – Amazon EC2 Ephemeral Storage

The Solutions Architect manages a serverless application that consists of multiple API gateways, AWS Lambda functions, Amazon S3 buckets, and Amazon DynamoDB tables. Customers say that a few application components slow while loading dynamic images, and some are timing out with the “504 Gateway Timeout” error. While troubleshooting the scenario, the Solutions Architect confirms that DynamoDB monitoring metrics are at acceptable levels.
Which of the following steps would be optimal for debugging these application issues? (Choose two.)

A. Parse HTTP logs in Amazon API Gateway for HTTP errors to determine the root cause of the errors.
B. Parse Amazon CloudWatch Logs to determine processing times for requested images at specified intervals.
C. Parse VPC Flow Logs to determine if there is packet loss between the Lambda function and S3.
D. Parse AWS X-Ray traces and analyze HTTP methods to determine the root cause of the HTTP errors.
E. Parse S3 access logs to determine if objects being accessed are from specific IP addresses to narrow the scope to geographic latency issues.

A company uses Amazon S3 to store documents that may only be accessible to an Amazon EC2 instance in a certain virtual private cloud (VPC). The company fears that a malicious insider with access to this instance could also set up an EC2 instance in another VPC to access these documents.
Which of the following solutions will provide the required protection?

A. Use an S3 VPC endpoint and an S3 bucket policy to limit access to this VPC endpoint.
B. Use EC2 instance profiles and an S3 bucket policy to limit access to the role attached to the instance profile.
C. Use S3 client-side encryption and store the key in the instance metadata.
D. Use S3 server-side encryption and protect the key with an encryption context.