A retail company intends to use machine learning to categorize new products. A labeled dataset of current products was provided to the Data Science team. The dataset includes 1,200 products. The labeled dataset has 15 features for each product such as title dimensions, weight, and price. Each product is labeled as belonging to one of six categories such as books, games, electronics, and movies.
Which model should be used for categorizing new products using the provided dataset for training?

A. AnXGBoost model where the objective parameter is set to multi:softmax
B. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with a softmax activation function for the last layer
C. A regression forest where the number of trees is set equal to the number of product categories
D. A DeepAR forecasting model based on a recurrent neural network (RNN)

A Data Scientist wants to gain real-time insights into a data stream of GZIP files.
Which solution would allow the use of SQL to query the stream with the LEAST latency?

A. Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics with an AWS Lambda function to transform the data.
B. AWS Glue with a custom ETL script to transform the data.
C. An Amazon Kinesis Client Library to transform the data and save it to an Amazon ES cluster.
D. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to transform the data and put it into an Amazon S3 bucket.

A Machine Learning Specialist is working with a large cybersecurity company that manages security events in real time for companies around the world. The cybersecurity company wants to design a solution that will allow it to use machine learning to score malicious events as anomalies on the data as it is being ingested. The company also wants be able to save the results in its data lake for later processing and analysis.
What is the MOST efficient way to accomplish these tasks?

A. Ingest the data using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, and use Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics Random Cut Forest (RCF) for anomaly detection. Then use Kinesis Data Firehose to stream the results to Amazon S3.
B. Ingest the data into Apache Spark Streaming using Amazon EMR, and use Spark MLlib with k-means to perform anomaly detection. Then store the results in an Apache Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) using Amazon EMR with a replication factor of three as the data lake.
C. Ingest the data and store it in Amazon S3. Use AWS Batch along with the AWS Deep Learning AMIs to train a k-means model using TensorFlow on the data in Amazon S3.
D. Ingest the data and store it in Amazon S3. Have an AWS Glue job that is triggered on demand transform the new data. Then use the built-in Random Cut Forest (RCF) model within Amazon SageMaker to detect anomalies in the data.

A Machine Learning Specialist is assigned a TensorFlow project using Amazon SageMaker for training, and needs to continue working for an extended period with no Wi-Fi access.
Which approach should the Specialist use to continue working?

A. Install Python 3 and boto3 on their laptop and continue the code development using that environment.
B. Download the TensorFlow Docker container used in Amazon SageMaker from GitHub to their local environment, and use the Amazon SageMaker Python SDK to test the code.
C. Download TensorFlow from tensorflow.org to emulate the TensorFlow kernel in the SageMaker environment.
D. Download the SageMaker notebook to their local environment, then install Jupyter Notebooks on their laptop and continue the development in a local notebook.

A Data Scientist is developing a machine learning model to classify whether a financial transaction is fraudulent. The labeled data available for training consists of 100,000 non-fraudulent observations and 1,000 fraudulent observations.
The Data Scientist applies the XGBoost algorithm to the data, resulting in the following confusion matrix when the trained model is applied to a previously unseen validation dataset. The accuracy of the model is 99.1%, but the Data Scientist has been asked to reduce the number of false negatives.

Which combination of steps should the Data Scientist take to reduce the number of false positive predictions by the model? (Choose two.)

A. Change the XGBoost eval_metric parameter to optimize based on rmse instead of error.
B. Increase the XGBoost scale_pos_weight parameter to adjust the balance of positive and negative weights.
C. Increase the XGBoost max_depth parameter because the model is currently underfitting the data.
D. Change the XGBoost eval_metric parameter to optimize based on AUC instead of error.
E. Decrease the XGBoost max_depth parameter because the model is currently overfitting the data.

A Machine Learning Specialist needs to be able to ingest streaming data and store it in Apache Parquet files for exploration and analysis.
Which of the following services would both ingest and store this data in the correct format?

A. AWS DMS
B. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
C. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
D. Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics

A Machine Learning Specialist is required to build a supervised image-recognition model to identify a cat. The ML Specialist performs some tests and records the following results for a neural network-based image classifier:
Total number of images available = 1,000
Test set images = 100 (constant test set)
The ML Specialist notices that, in over 75% of the misclassified images, the cats were held upside down by their owners.
Which techniques can be used by the ML Specialist to improve this specific test error?

A. Increase the training data by adding variation in rotation for training images.
B. Increase the number of epochs for model training
C. Increase the number of layers for the neural network.
D. Increase the dropout rate for the second-to-last layer.

A Machine Learning Specialist is preparing data for training on Amazon SageMaker. The Specialist is using one of the SageMaker built-in algorithms for the training. The dataset is stored in .CSV format and is transformed into a numpy.array, which appears to be negatively affecting the speed of the training.
What should the Specialist do to optimize the data for training on SageMaker?

A. Use the SageMaker batch transform feature to transform the training data into a DataFrame.
B. Use AWS Glue to compress the data into the Apache Parquet format.
C. Transform the dataset into the RecordIO protobufformat.
D. Use the SageMaker hyperparameter optimization feature to automatically optimize the data.

A company is running a machine learning prediction service that generates 100 TB of predictions every day. A Machine Learning Specialist must generate a visualization of the daily precision-recall curve from the predictions, and forward a read-only version to the Business team.
Which solution requires the LEAST coding effort?

A. Run a daily Amazon EMR workflow to generate precision-recall data, and save the results in Amazon S3. Give the Business team read-only access to S3.
B. Generate daily precision-recall data in Amazon QuickSight, and publish the results in a dashboard shared with the Business team.
C. Run a daily Amazon EMR workflow to generate precision-recall data, and save the results in Amazon S3. Visualize the arrays in Amazon QuickSight, and publish them in a dashboard shared with the Business team.
D. Generate daily precision-recall data in Amazon ES, and publish the results in a dashboard shared with the Business team.

Which of the following metrics should a Machine Learning Specialist generally use to compare/evaluate machine learning classification models against each other?

A. Recall
B. Misclassification rate
C. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
D. Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC)