An organization receives an alert that indicates that an EC2 instance behind an ELB Classic Load Balancer has been compromised. What techniques will limit lateral movement and allow evidence gathering?

A. Remove the instance from the load balancer and terminate it.
B. Remove the instance from the load balancer, and shut down access to the instance by tightening the security group.
C. Reboot the instance and check for any Amazon CloudWatch alarms.
D. Stop the instance and make a snapshot of the root EBS volume.

A Security Administrator at a university is configuring a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are shared among students, and non-root SSH access is allowed. The Administrator is concerned about students attacking other AWS account resources by using the EC2 instance metadata service. What can the Administrator do to protect against this potential attack?

A. Disable the EC2 instance metadata service.
B. Log all student SSH interactive session activity.
C. Implement iptables-based restrictions on the instances.
D. Install the Amazon Inspector agent on the instances.

A Developer who is following AWS best practices for secure code development requires an application to encrypt sensitive data to be stored at rest, locally in the application, using AWS KMS. What is the simplest and MOST secure way to decrypt this data when required?

A. Request KMS to provide the stored unencrypted data key and then use the retrieved data key to decrypt the data.
B. Keep the plaintext data key stored in Amazon DynamoDB protected with IAM policies. Query DynamoDB to retrieve the data key to decrypt the data
C. Use the Encrypt API to store an encrypted version of the data key with another customer managed key. Decrypt the data key and use it to decrypt the data when required.
D. Store the encrypted data key alongside the encrypted data. Use the Decrypt API to retrieve the data key to decrypt the data when required.

Some highly sensitive analytics workloads are to be moved to Amazon EC2 hosts. Threat modeling has found that a risk exists where a subnet could be maliciously or accidentally exposed to the internet.
Which of the following mitigations should be recommended?

A. Use AWS Config to detect whether an Internet Gateway is added and use an AWS Lambda function to provide auto-remediation.
B. Within the Amazon VPC configuration, mark the VPC as private and disable Elastic IP addresses.
C. Use IPv6 addressing exclusively on the EC2 hosts, as this prevents the hosts from being accessed from the internet.
D. Move the workload to a Dedicated Host, as this provides additional network security controls and monitoring.

An organization operates a web application that serves users globally. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. There is an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the load balancer, and the organization uses AWS WAF. The application is currently experiencing a volumetric attack whereby the attacker is exploiting a bug in a popular mobile game. The application is being flooded with HTTP requests from all over the world with the User-Agent set to the following string: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; ExampleCorp; ExampleGame/1.22; Mobile/1.0) What mitigation can be applied to block attacks resulting from this bug while continuing to service legitimate requests?

A. Create a rule in AWS WAF rules with conditions that block requests based on the presence of ExampleGame/1.22 in the User-Agent header
B. Create a geographic restriction on the CloudFront distribution to prevent access to the application from most geographic regions
C. Create a rate-based rule in AWS WAF to limit the total number of requests that the web application services.
D. Create an IP-based blacklist in AWS WAF to block the IP addresses that are originating from requests that contain ExampleGame/1.22 in the User-Agent header.

A company has two AWS accounts, each containing one VPC. The first VPC has a VPN connection with its corporate network. The second VPC, without a VPN, hosts an Amazon Aurora database cluster in private subnets. Developers manage the Aurora database from a bastion host in a public subnet as shown in the image.

A security review has flagged this architecture as vulnerable, and a Security Engineer has been asked to make this design more secure. The company has a short deadline and a second VPN connection to the Aurora account is not possible. How can a Security Engineer securely set up the bastion host?

A. Move the bastion host to the VPC with VPN connectivity. Create a VPC peering relationship between the bastion host VPC and Aurora VPC.
B. Create a SSH port forwarding tunnel on the Developer’s workstation to the bastion host to ensure that only authorized SSH clients can access the bastion host.
C. Move the bastion host to the VPC with VPN connectivity. Create a cross-account trust relationship between the bastion VPC and Aurora VPC, and update the Aurora security group for the relationship.
D. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the corporate network and the Aurora account, and adjust the Aurora security group for this connection.

The Security Engineer is given the following requirements for an application that is running on Amazon EC2 and managed by using AWS CloudFormation templates with EC2 Auto Scaling groups:

• Have the EC2 instances bootstrapped to connect to a backend database.
• Ensure that the database credentials are handled securely.
• Ensure that retrievals of database credentials are logged.

Which of the following is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?

A. Pass databases credentials to EC2 by using CloudFormation stack parameters with the property set to true. Ensure that the instance is configured to log to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Store database passwords in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store by using SecureString parameters. Set the IAM role for the EC2 instance profile to allow access to the parameters.
C. Create an AWS Lambda that ingests the database password and persists it to Amazon S3 with server-side encryption. Have the EC2 instances retrieve the S3 object on startup, and log all script invocations to syslog.
D. Write a script that is passed in as UserData so that it is executed upon launch of the EC2 instance. Ensure that the instance is configured to log to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

An organization has three applications running on AWS, each accessing the same data on Amazon S3. The data on Amazon S3 is server-side encrypted by using an AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK). What is the recommended method to ensure that each application has its own programmatic access control permissions on the KMS CMK?

A. Change the key policy permissions associated with the KMS CMK for each application when it must access the data in Amazon S3.
B. Have each application assume an IAM role that provides permissions to use the AWS Certificate Manager CMK.
C. Have each application use a grant on the KMS CMK to add or remove specific access controls on the KMS CMK.
D. Have each application use an IAM policy in a user context to have specific access permissions on the KMS CMK.

An AWS account includes two S3 buckets: bucket1 and bucket2. The bucket2 does not have a policy defined, but bucket1 has the following bucket policy:

In addition, the same account has an IAM User named “alice”, with the following IAM policy.

Which buckets can user “alice” access?

A. Bucket1 only
B. Bucket2 only
C. Both bucket1 and bucket2
D. Neither bucket1 nor bucket2

A Security Architect is evaluating managed solutions for storage of encryption keys. The requirements are:

• Storage is accessible by using only VPCs.
• Service has tamper-evident controls.
• Access logging is enabled.
• Storage has high availability.

Which of the following services meets these requirements?

A. Amazon S3 with default encryption
B. AWS CloudHSM
C. Amazon DynamoDB with server-side encryption
D. AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store