A company wants to deploy a distributed web application on a fleet of EC2 instances. The fleet will be fronted by a Classic Load Balancer that will be configured to terminate the TLS connection. The company wants to make sure that all past and current TLS traffic to the Classic Load Balancer stays secure, even if the certificate private key is leaked.
To ensure the company meets these requirements, a Security Engineer can configure a Classic Load Balancer with:

A. An HTTPS listener that uses a certificate that is managed by Amazon Certification Manager.
B. An HTTPS listener that uses a custom security policy that allows only perfect forward secrecy cipher suites.
C. An HTTPS listener that uses the latest AWS predefined ELBSecurityPolicy-TLS-1-2-2017-01 security policy.
D. A TCP listener that uses a custom security policy that allows only perfect forward secrecy cipher suites.

A large corporation is creating a multi-account strategy and needs to determine how its employees should access the AWS Infrastructure.
Which of the following solutions would provide the MOST scalable solution?

A. Create dedicated IAM users within each AWS account that employees can assume though federation based upon group membership in their existing identity provider.
B. Use a centralized account with IAM roles that employees can assume through federation with their existing identity provider. Use cross-account roles to allow the federated users to assume their target role in the resource accounts.
C. Configure the AWS Security Token Service to use Kerberos tokens so that users can use their existing corporate user names and passwords to access AWS resources directly.
D. Configure the IAM trust policies within each account’s role to set up a trust back to the corporation’s existing identity provider, allowing users to assume the role based off their SAML token.

A company has an AWS account and allows a third-party contractor, who uses another AWS account, to assume certain IAM roles. The company wants to ensure that IAM roles can be assumed by the contractor only if the contractor has multi-factor authentication enabled on their IAM user accounts.
What should the company do to accomplish this?

A. Add the following condition to the IAM policy attached to all IAM roles:
"Effect": "Deny",
"Condition" : { "BoolItExists" : { "aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent" : false } }
B. Add the following condition to the IAM policy attached to all IAM roles:
"Effect": "Deny",
"Condition" : { "Bool" : { "aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent" : false } }
C. Add the following condition to the IAM policy attached to all IAM roles:
"Effect": "Allow",
"Condition" : { "Null" : { "aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent" : false } }
D. Add the following condition to the IAM policy attached to all IAM roles:
"Effect": "Allow",
"Condition" : { "BoolItExists" : { "aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent" : false } }

During a manual review of system logs from an Amazon Linux EC2 instance, a Security Engineer noticed that there are sudo commands that were never properly alerted or reported on the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent.
Why were there no alerts on the sudo commands?

A. There is a security group blocking outbound port 80 traffic that is preventing the agent from sending the logs.
B. The IAM instance profile on the EC2 instance was not properly configured to allow the CloudWatch Logs agent to push the logs to CloudWatch.
C. CloudWatch Logs status is set to ON versus SECURE, which prevents if from pulling in OS security event logs.
D. The VPC requires that all traffic go through a proxy, and the CloudWatch Logs agent does not support a proxy configuration.

A large company wants its Compliance team to audit its Amazon S3 buckets to identify if personally identifiable information (PII) is stored in them. The company has hundreds of S3 buckets and has asked the Security Engineers to scan every bucket.
How can this task be accomplished?

A. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Events to trigger Amazon Inspector to scan the S3 buckets daily for PII. Configure Amazon Inspector to publish Amazon SNS notifications to the Compliance team if PII is detected.
B. Configure Amazon Macie to classify data in the S3 buckets and check the dashboard for PII findings. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Events to capture Macie alerts and target an Amazon SNS topic to be notified if PII is detected.
C. Check the AWS Trusted Advisor data loss prevention page in the AWS Management Console. Download the Amazon S3 data confidentiality report and send it to the Compliance team. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Events to capture Trusted Advisor alerts and target an Amazon SNS topic to be notified if PII is detected.
D. Enable Amazon GuardDuty in multiple Regions to scan the S3 buckets. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Events to capture GuardDuty alerts and target an Amazon SNS topic to be notified if PII is detected.

A company’s Chief Security Officer has requested that a Security Analyst review and improve the security posture of each company AWS account. The Security Analyst decides to do this by improving AWS account root user security.
Which actions should the Security Analyst take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Delete the access keys for the account root user in every account.
B. Create an admin IAM user with administrative privileges and delete the account root user in every account.
C. Implement a strong password to help protect account-level access to the AWS Management Console by the account root user.
D. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) on every account root user in all accounts.
E. Create a custom IAM policy to limit permissions to required actions for the account root user and attach the policy to the account root user.
F. Attach an IAM role to the account root user to make use of the automated credential rotation in AWS STS.

A company has a compliance requirement to rotate its encryption keys on an annual basis. A Security Engineer needs a process to rotate the KMS Customer Master Keys (CMKs) that were created using imported key material.
How can the Engineer perform the key rotation process MOST efficiently?

A. Create a new CMK, and redirect the existing Key Alias to the new CMK.
B. Select the option to auto-rotate the key.
C. Upload new key material into the existing CMK.
D. Create a new CMK, and change the application to point to the new CMK.

An organization has a multi-petabyte workload that it is moving to Amazon S3, but the CISO is concerned about cryptographic wear-out and the blast radius if a key is compromised.
How can the CISO be assured that AWS KMS and Amazon S3 are addressing the concerns? (Choose two.)

A. There is no API operation to retrieve an S3 object in its encrypted form.
B. Encryption of S3 objects is performed within the secure boundary of the KMS service.
C. S3 uses KMS to generate a unique data key for each individual object.
D. Using a single master key to encrypt all data includes having a single place to perform audits and usage validation.
E. The KMS encryption envelope digitally signs the master key during encryption to prevent cryptographic wear-out.

A company has decided to use encryption in its AWS account to secure the objects in Amazon S3 using server-side encryption. Object sizes range from 16,000 B to 5 MB. The requirements are as follows:

• The key material must be generated and stored in a certified Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 Level 3 machine.
• The key material must be available in multiple Regions.

Which option meets these requirements?

A. Use an AWS KMS customer managed key and store the key material in AWS with replication across Regions.
B. Use an AWS customer managed key, import the key material into AWS KMS using in-house AWS CloudHSM, and store the key material securely in Amazon S3.
C. Use an AWS KMS custom key store backed by AWS CloudHSM clusters, and copy backups across Regions.
D. Use AWS CloudHSM to generate the key material and backup keys across Regions. Use the Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) and Public Key Cryptography Standards #11 (PKCS #11) encryption libraries to encrypt and decrypt the data.

A Security Engineer has several thousand Amazon EC2 instances split across production and development environments. Each instance is tagged with its environment. The Engineer needs to analyze and patch all the development EC2 instances to ensure they are not currently exposed to any common vulnerabilities or exposures (CVEs).
Which combination of steps is the MOST efficient way for the Engineer to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Log on to each EC2 instance, check and export the different software versions installed, and verify this against a list of current CVEs.
B. Install the Amazon Inspector agent on all development instances. Build a custom rule package, and configure Inspector to perform a scan using this custom rule on all instances tagged as being in the development environment.
C. Install the Amazon Inspector agent on all development instances. Configure Inspector to perform a scan using this CVE rule package on all instances tagged as being in the development environment.
D. Install the Amazon EC2 System Manager agent on all development instances. Issue the Run command to EC2 System Manager to update all instances.
E. Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check that all EC2 instances have been patched to the most recent version of operating system and installed software.